Melasma and chloasma are both forms of hyperpigmentation that result from the overproduction of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. They are often triggered by hormonal changes, sun exposure, and genetic predisposition.

• Melasma: Melasma typically presents as brown or gray-brown patches on the cheeks, forehead, upper lip, and chin. It is more common in women, especially during pregnancy (referred to as “pregnancy mask”) or when taking hormonal contraceptives. Melasma can also occur in men, although less frequently.

• Chloasma: Chloasma is a specific type of melasma that occurs during pregnancy and is often referred to as “pregnancy mask.” It manifests as dark patches on the face, particularly the cheeks, forehead, and upper lip, and is triggered by hormonal changes associated with pregnancy.